高考考试英语对“过去分词”的五个考试知识点
■湖南 刘志辉
1、考查过去分词用作形容词
即表面上考查非谓语动词，而且四个选项也都是非谓语动词的某种形式，但命题者真的考查的却是形容词的使用方法——由过去分词转化来的形容词的使用方法。如：
1. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
此题答案选A。unsatisfied在此为形容词，用作补语（主语补足语），其意为“不认可的，未得到满足的”。全句意为：一个好的故事未必就需要一个喜剧性的结尾，但它需要不可以让读者失望。
2. _________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
此题答案选B。依据与之并列的形容happy可知，此题应形容词surprised。surprised and happy的意思是“既惊又喜”。
2、考查过去分词用作后置定语
过去分词作后置定语的特点是：表被动，一般可视为一个被动语态的省略形式。如：
1. There have been several new events _________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
此题答案选D。added to the program可视为which have been added to the program之省略。
2. Five people won the “
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
此题答案选C。a title given to ordinary people可视为 a title which was given to ordinary people之省略。
3. The prize of the game show is＄30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
A. payingB. paid C. to be paidD. being paid
此题答案选B。因all expenses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。全句意为：此次电视游戏节目的奖品是30,000USD奖金另加一次完全不收费的中国度假。
3、考查过去分词用作状语
过去分词用作状语的典型特点是：表被动，可视为其前省略了“主语（即主句主语）+助动词be”。这种过去分词（短语）一般可依据具体的语境转换成相应的状语从句——即表缘由的过去分词短语可转换成缘由状语从句，表条件的过去分词短语可转换成条件状语从句，等等。如：
1. _________ for the breakdown of the school computer network,
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
此题答案选B。依据句意可知，Alice与blame为被动关系，故选过去分词。Blamed for…在此表缘由，故可转换成缘由状语从句：Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network…
2. _________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lostD. Losing
此题答案选B。lose oneself in 为固定短语，其意为“在……迷失方向”，因为题中没oneself，所以可以判定the two students与lose是被动关系，故用过去分词。Lost in the mountains for a week在此表时间，可转换成时间状语从句：After they had been lost in the mountains for a week…
注：有时用作状语的过去分词前带有我们的“引导词”。如：
3. No matter how frequently _________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
此题答案选A。performed为they are performed之省略。
4. When _________help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offerC. to be offered D. offered
此题答案选D。“给某人提供帮助”说成英语是offer sb help，依据句意可知，one与offer为被动关系，即当一个人说“谢谢”时，他应当是“被”提供了帮助，所以空格外填过去分词。When offered help…可视为When he is offered help…之省略。
4、考查过去分词用作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语的特征是：与其前的宾语为被动关系，这种考试试题特别应该注意“动词+反身代词+过去分词”“have+宾语+过去分词”等典型结构。如：
1. In the dream Peter saw himself _________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased
此题答案选A。依据句意可知，himself与chase为被动关系，故chase要用过去分词。
2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _________ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explainC. explain D. explained
此题答案选D。因为宾语it 与动词explain为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。此题考的是“have+宾语+过去分词”结构。
5、考查过去分词在固定搭配中的用法
这种考试试题一般会涉及一个含有过去分词的固定搭配，需要考生能正确辨别并结合给定的语境进行判断。这种结构也一般是用作状语，并且总是也可依据具体的语境转换成相应的状语从句。如：
1. _________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. FacedB. Face C. FacingD. To face
此题答案选A。 faced with是固定短语，其意为“面临”。faced with so much trouble在此表缘由，因此可转换成缘由状语从句：Because we were faced with so much trouble…
2. _________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. DressedB. To dress C. DressingD. Having dressed
此题答案选A。 dressed in为固定短语，其意为“穿着……”，如：She was dressed in Japanese clothes. 她穿着日本服饰。I didn’t recognize him because he was dressed in a dark suit. 我没认出他来，由于他穿着一身黑色套装。本题中的dressed in a white uniform为缘由状语，可转换成缘由状语从句：As he is dressed in a white uniform…
3. _________ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdown.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
此题答案选A。put…into use为固定短语，其意为“投入用”。依据句意可知，the hotline与put是被动关系，且于2000年已经完成，所以用过去分词。
